![]() Although such research is beneficial, the risk posed to agriculture is often ignored. While loss and risk occur in a wide range of ways, much weather hazard research focuses on property damage (e.g., Mostafiz et al., 2020a 2021a 2021b 2021c 2021d 2022a) and casualties (e.g., Jonkman 2005). Ultimately, environmental, social, and economic sustainability become impractical unless compensating action is taken. The encouragement of additional development only further increases vulnerability and reduces resilience to the hazard in a positive feedback mechanism. This risk is exacerbated by policy that incentivizes development without considering the additional complications in mitigating risk to the increasing hazard exposure. Increases in population and development bring a sharp increase in the risk (i.e., the product of the probability of a hazardous event and the consequences of that event) associated with weather hazards ( Bushra et al., 2021). These findings will assist decision-makers to minimize risk and enhance agricultural resilience to future weather hazards, thereby strengthening this economically-important industry in Louisiana and enhancing food security. Drought is by far the costliest among the six hazards, accounting for $56.1 million of $59.2 million (∼95%) in 2050-projected crop loss, followed by extreme cold ($1.4 million), extreme heat ($1.0 million), tornadoes ($0.4 million), hail ($0.2 million), and lightning ($0.05 million), respectively. Despite the fact that cropland is decreasing across most of the state, weather impacts to cropland are anticipated to increase substantially by 2050. The majority of crop activities occurred and will continue to occur in south-central and northeastern Louisiana along the river basins. This approach improves future crop risk assessment by incorporating historical crop loss, historical and modeled future hazard intensity, cropland extent, population, consumer demand, cropping intensity, and technological development as predictors of future risk. This research develops a method of future crop loss risk assessment due to droughts, extreme low and high temperatures, hail, lightning, and tornadoes, using Louisiana as a case study. However, most hazard impact research on agriculture to date, for Louisiana and elsewhere, has focused on floods and hurricanes. Louisiana is one of the most hazard-prone states in the U.S., and many of its people are engaged directly or indirectly in agricultural activities that are impacted by an array of weather hazards. 4Center for Emergency Management and Homeland Security, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States.3LaHouse Resource Center, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.2Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.1Department of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.Friedland 3 Melanie Gall 4 Nazla Bushra 1 Use the form below to sign up for the Pinpoint Weather Insider newsletter, sent every Thursday.Rubayet Bin Mostafiz 1,2,3* Robert V. It’s just the same old lightning, but so far away you can’t hear the thunder. As the storms push way off into the sea as night falls, you’ll likely see the lightning way off in the distance, but hear no thunder. You will notice this a lot as our daily and highly-electrified sea breeze storms get going. ![]() Typically, the sound of thunder only travels approximately ten miles. The observer is simply too far away to hear the thunder associated with the lightning. The light is then reflected off of higher-level clouds allowing it to be seen from great distances. In reality, it is just light produced by a distant thunderstorm. Many people incorrectly believe that heat lightning is a specific type of lightning. ![]() This is commonly referred to as heat lightning, but it’s not really a thing. You’re sitting on your porch on a warm summer night and off in the distance you see a flash of lightning, but you hear no thunder.
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